With a progressive scope that promises fuel efficiency and low emissions, EVs and hybrid cars have been gaining traction. To catalyse the adoption of these eco-friendly vehicles, related technologies are constantly refined. A prime example in this context is the invention and usage of axial flux motors in performance-oriented EVs and hybrid cars. Let’s learn more about the basics and working of axial flux motor, along with the technical aspects.
What Is an Axial Flux Motor Used for?
Axial flux motors are used in cars for a host of applications, leveraging their unique advantages. Whether in hybrid cars or EVs, the primary uses of axial flux motors are more or less the same. Let’s walk through them.
Propulsion System
Axial flux motors can serve as the main propulsion motors in electric and hybrid vehicles. They convert electrical energy from the battery into mechanical energy to drive the vehicle’s wheels. Their high power density and efficiency make them suitable for this role, providing strong acceleration and overall performance.
EV Drivetrain
Axial flux motors are integrated into the EV drivetrain. They are installed either as single or multiple motor setups. Their compact design allows for innovative drivetrain configurations, such as placing the motors directly on the axles or in wheel hubs. This can improve the vehicle’s weight distribution and handling characteristics.
Hybrid Powertrain
Axial flux motors are used alongside internal combustion engines in hybrid vehicles. These motors provide additional power and improve fuel efficiency. Moreover, the hybrid car motors operate in various modes, such as
Electric-only Mode
The electric-only mode turns on when the vehicle is driven solely on electric power for short distances.
Assist Mode
This mode provides extra power during acceleration or high-load conditions, reducing the load on the internal combustion engine.
Regenerative Braking
The regenerative braking technology converts kinetic energy back into electrical energy during braking, which recharges the battery.
Torque Vectoring Systems
Axial flux motors can be employed in active torque vectoring systems to enhance vehicle stability and handling. By independently controlling the power sent to each wheel, these motors can help improve traction and cornering performance. This is specifically purposeful in high-performance and all-wheel-drive vehicles.
Auxiliary Power Units
In some vehicles, axial flux motors are used as auxiliary power units to drive various systems and components, such as power steering pumps, air conditioning compressors and other electrical accessories. This helps in reducing the load on the main engine or primary propulsion motor, improving overall efficiency.
In-Wheel Motors
Axial flux motors are well-suited for in-wheel motor applications due to their flat and compact design. In-wheel motors allow for direct power delivery to each wheel. As a result, the need for traditional drivetrain components like axles and differential gears is eliminated. This setup can significantly benefit vehicle handling, weight distribution and efficiency.
Applications of Axial Flux Motor Advantages
Axial flux motors are particularly favoured in high-performance electric and hybrid cars due to their unique benefits. Their application can be appealing across a range of car body types. Here’s why the auto industry is increasingly adopting axial flux motors:
Performance Enhancement
For high-performance vehicles, axial flux motors are often used to enhance acceleration and overall performance. Their high torque output at low speeds provides rapid acceleration. These performance-oriented factors are crucial for sports cars, hypercars and other high-performance vehicles.
Range Extension and Efficiency Improvement
The efficiency of axial flux motors contributes to extending the range of electric vehicles. EV range is among the key things to consider when driving an electric car. By reducing energy losses during power conversion, axial flux motors help maximise the available battery capacity, It is a critical factor contributing to EV adoption.
Thermal Management
High-performance vehicles often require advanced thermal management solutions. The unique axial flux motor design allows for better cooling, maintaining performance during intense driving conditions. It’s also important for EV owners to know about the different EV coolant system types for optimal thermal management.
Parts of Axial Flux Motor
Axial flux motors have a distinct design compared to traditional radial flux motors. These purpose-built motors have several key components contributing to the system’s efficiency and overall vehicle performance. Here are the primary components of axial flux motors used in cars:
Stator
According to the axial flux motor working principle, the stator is typically a flat, disc-shaped structure. The windings on the stator are where the electrical energy is converted into a magnetic field.
Rotor
As the rotating part, the rotor contains permanent magnets in synchronous motors and electromagnets in other motor types. The interaction between the magnetic field generated in the rotor produces torque, creating a spinning force.
Core
The core or yoke is often part of the stator that provides a path for the magnetic flux. It is typically made from laminated iron or other ferromagnetic materials. The usage of such materials minimises energy losses.
Bearings
Bearings support the rotor, allowing it to spin freely with minimal friction. They are critical for maintaining the motor’s mechanical integrity and ensuring smooth operation.
Cooling System
Axial flux motors can generate significant heat during operation, so an effective cooling system is essential. This can include liquid cooling channels integrated into the motor housing or air cooling mechanisms. The flat design of axial flux motors facilitates better cooling compared to traditional radial designs. Moreover, a variety of EV battery coolants help the internal systems run optimally.
Shaft
The shaft is connected to the rotor and extends out of the motor housing. It transmits the mechanical power generated by the motor to the vehicle’s drivetrain. It operates like a drive shaft in any other regular car.
Motor Housing
The motor housing encases the motor components and provides structural support. It also protects the internal components from environmental factors such as dust and moisture.
Electrical Connections
These include terminals and connectors for supplying electrical power to the motor windings. Proper electrical connections are essential for efficient power delivery and motor control. Loss of power due to loose electrical connections is among the noteworthy axial flux motor disadvantages
Sensors
Axial flux motors often incorporate different types of car sensors to monitor parameters such as rotor position, temperature and speed. These sensors provide feedback to the control electronics to ensure precise control and efficient operation.
FAQs
Why are axial flux motors better?
Axial flux motors are better for EVs and hybrid cars because they offer higher power density and efficiency. Moreover, these motors offer size versatility, enabling more compactness, which is according to car design evolution principles.
Is the single motor or dual motor better in EVs?
Dual motor setups in EVs provide better performance and traction, especially in adverse conditions. Single-motor configurations are more efficient and cost-effective for everyday driving. Moreover, comparing the features of dual motor vs single-motor EVs will give you a better idea.
This was everything to know about the high-performance electric vehicle motor that runs on axial flux principles. From EVs to PHEVs and regular petrol cars, the pre-owned market offers plenty of choices. You can browse these used vehicles for sale in the UAE and pick your desired ride.
For more informative pieces on important car parts and repairs, keep reading dubizzle’s auto blog.
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