Depending on the engine capacity and power terrain, a car is fitted with the necessary internal components for effective manoeuvrability. Proper handling mechanisms ensure a safe and stable on-road and off-road vehicle performance. Designed to deliver more power and torque, all-wheel-drive systems need additional stabilisation mechanisms. This is where the active torque control in cars plays a crucial role.
Let’s learn more about the basics and functions of torque vectoring in all-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive systems.
What is Active Torque Control (ATC)?
ATC is a technology employed to enhance a vehicle’s stability. It is equipped with AWD and 4WD systems in cars. The purpose of ATC is to optimise the distribution of the engine torque (rotational force) between the wheels. This enhances the traction in cars, adding to the overall stability and performance.
History of ATC
Throughout history, ATC has evolved with various names. The pioneers of the torque vectoring technology were Toyota and Mitsubishi. The technology was introduced in sports vehicles by Japanese automakers in the 1990s.
Other automakers also joined the torque control system bandwagon to improve their vehicles’ performances. Over the years, ATC has been introduced in vehicles with different types of drivetrains, However, the technology has been commonly used in 4WD and AWD vehicles that need it the most.
How the ATC Works
ATC enhances the functioning of differential systems in cars. The technology continuously monitors various performance factors. These include wheel speed, throttle input and the vehicle’s steering angle. In addition to conventional mechanical components, a differential with active torque vectoring requires an electronic monitoring system.
Based on the real-time data, the system adjusts the amount of torque sent to each wheel. This ensures that power is distributed efficiently to maximise grip and prevent wheel slip. The torque vectoring technology is particularly beneficial in off-roading or where road conditions are less than ideal. Moreover, vehicles with automatic transmissions have a torque converter for changing gears.
Noteworthy Features of Active Torque Control Technology
Some of the key features that set ATC apart from conventional AWD technology.
Dynamic Power Distribution
Unlike traditional AWD system’s reactive operations, the torque vectoring system intelligently manages engine torque distribution. It ensures optimal traction and stability by adjusting power delivery to individual wheels. This stabilises performance in various road conditions, vehicle dynamics and driver inputs.
Electronic Intelligence
Specialised sensors and an electronic control unit (ECU) work in tandem to make split-second decisions. These sensors collect data from the engine, transaxle and electronic power steering systems. The ECU then commands an electronically controlled coupling mounted ahead of the rear differential. The process sends torque rearward when needed.
Enhanced Handling
Enhancing the differential usage in 4WD and AWD, the system is designed to enhance overall handling. In cars equipped with sports mode, it dynamically adjusts torque distribution during cornering. This mitigates understeer and improves agility. By sending up a substantial amount of available torque to the rear axle, it helps rotate the vehicle through turns.
Active Torque Vectoring in Different Car Brands
Intended to improve the performance of various car body types, torque vectoring is introduced by different automakers. However, the technology is known by different names and its availability may depend on region and vehicle variant.
Let’s list down some brands that offer active torque control 4WD in cars.
Subaru’s Active Torque Vectoring (ATV)
Subaru’s ATV is part of the brand’s Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC) system. The active torque vectoring of Subaru leverages existing VDC equipment. This results in better traction and steering response on slippery roads. Meanwhile, lubricating the steering and suspension parts also improves the vehicle’s manoeuvrability.
BMW’s xDrive System
BMW’s xDrive is an intelligent all-wheel drive system that incorporates torque vectoring. It is found on the M Series, X Series and other famous nameplates. Be it in-car gaming or other performance-based features, BMW has always been known for its innovation. The BMW Shy tech is another fascinating technology-based feature of the German car brand.
Mercedes-Benz’s 4MATIC System
The Mercedes-Benz’s flagship 4MATIC system provides torque vectoring capabilities. The 4MATIC is the brand’s all-wheel-drive system offered in performance cars and SUVs. It is included in different variants of the G-Class line-up. The Mercedes-Benz G-Class is also one of the top luxury SUVs with GCC specs.
Toyota’s AWD Active Torque Control
Toyota also has its version of smart torque vectoring technology. The 2023 Urban Cruiser also has the brand’s ATC AWD technology. It is based on an electronic system, which controls MacPherson strut front and torsion beam rear suspension. This mechanism combined with power steering technology enhances driving comfort and safety.
FAQs
What is the purpose of torque control?
ATC optimises the distribution of rotational force (torque) between the wheels. This enhances stability and traction, providing better performance in different types of driving conditions.
What is the difference between speed control and torque control?
Speed control and torque control are distinct concepts. Speed control involves regulating the vehicle’s velocity. On the other hand, torque control focuses on managing the rotational force applied to the wheels.
What are the key features of intelligent torque vectoring?
Dynamic power distribution, electronic intelligence and enhanced handling are some key features of torque vectoring. Besides comfort, improved handling makes it easier for drivers to adopt defensive driving techniques.
This is everything you need to know about the active torque vectoring technology in vehicles. With improved stability, offroaders can safely handle high levels of horsepower. This capability allows them to be driven on different types of terrains.
On a similar note, before embarking on your next off-road adventure, go through the differences between overlanding and offroading to avoid any confusion.
Whether you are looking for a daily-driven vehicle or an off-roader, explore these used cars for sale in the UAE and pick an ideal option.
For more information on the incorporation of ATC in cars, keep reading the dubizzle Cars blog.
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