A suspension system in a vehicle consists of struts, dampers and springs – all of which ensure a comfortable and smooth ride. The main purpose of this system is to absorb the kinetics of bumps and rocks and maintain a sturdy grip on the road. While the function remains the same, different manufacturers come up with different designs. A commonly used suspension system in cars is the multi-link suspension system with three or more control links and lateral arms.
Here we have discussed the multi-link suspension system, its working and its key components.
Multi-link Suspension System in Cars
First introduced in the ’60s in the Mercedes-Benz C111 prototype, this type of suspension system has developed over the years. The launch of the Mercedes Benz E-Class W201 in 1982 prompted the mass production of the multi-link system. Its primary function is to minimise the irregularities and vibrations of the vehicle’s chassis.
Let’s move on to its working, components and pros and cons.
Design and Working
Among the different types of car suspensions, a multi-link is an independent suspension which means the movement of one wheel does not affect the other. It is derived from a wishbone. Multilink suspensions are mounted on the subframe that is located at the bottom of a car, but they can be directly connected to the chassis if the car has a full frame.
It consists of one or more longitudinal arms and three or more lateral arms. The arms are of different lengths and can be angled away from their original directions. The end of each arm has a rubber joint or a bushing which enforces compression and tension on the load but not bending. The arms are joined to a spindle from the top and the bottom, and as this spindle turns, it produces torque in all the arms. Some multi-links consist of a wishbone which is divided into two bushings at one end.
There are both front and rear multi-link suspensions. On a front suspension, a tie-rod replaces one of the lateral arms and connects the steering box to the wheel hub.
The arms of a multi-link suspension system work in three orthogonal planes:
- Plan View: A pair of longitudinally separated arms control the toe and lateral compliance.
- Front View: The arms control the camber which changes with the motion of the wheel.
- Side View: The arms react to traction and braking loads using a longitudinal link and control caster. A second longitudinal link is also used to respond to the brake hub or brake torques.
This was an explanation of how such a suspension system is designed and how it works. Up ahead are the pros and cons of this suspension system.
Pros and Cons of Multi-link Suspension System
This mode of car suspension has provided many advantages for automobiles. However, there are some drawbacks as well which are as follows.
Maximised Handling
The major benefit of an independent multi-link suspension is that it is orthogonal. This makes it easier to change one parameter of the suspension without affecting the entire assembly.
Enhance Ride Experience
Multi-links prevent the vehicle from flopping around and provide a smooth movement of wheels even over bumps and rocks. This makes it ideal for off-roading vehicles.
Difficult to Design
Since this type of suspension system has more structural components as compared to others, it is a harder geometry to design. It also requires a 3D analysis and high-level engineering expertise.
Hard to Repair
There are different factors which can damage a car suspension such as speed bumps. In the case of multi-links, due to their complex structure, it gets difficult to inspect an affected link and repair it.
This also makes it difficult to maintain as compared to other car suspensions.
All in all, multi-link suspension systems have gained rapid recognition in the automotive industry since they provide maximum grip on the road and an easy ride. However, some factors like suspension system maintenance and cost repair must be considered. In case you’re looking for a car having a compatible multi-link suspension in apt working condition, you can browse through these used cars for sale in the UAE and pick a vehicle of your choice.
Stay tuned to UAE’s top auto blogs for more information on car suspension systems and their types.
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