Combustion engines require a source of electricity to create a spark and convert its chemical energy into mechanical energy. The majority of people often confuse batteries as an electric source. However, the battery is only used to store electric charges, it is an alternator that produces and provides continuous electricity to the engine.
In this guide, we will provide complete information on the car alternator.
Functions of Alternator
The use of alternators in cars is to provide current, but many significant processes are linked with its performance. We have enlisted the major function of alternators in cars.
- It charges the battery to provide electricity to other components of the vehicle.
- The Self-starter motor, an important part of the ignition system, is also powered by an alternator current.
- It continuously generates a charge to power the car during driving.
Types of Alternator
Car alternators usually differ based on the current they generate and their manufacturing design. The difference in the current generation is dependent upon the need of the car. Disequilibrium in demand and supply of current can negatively impact cars. See the following types of car alternators based on the design and output power.
On the Basis of Design
Based on the design there are two basic types of alternators that we have mentioned below:
- Salient Pole: It contains projecting poles mounted over a heavy magnetic wheel of iron or steel. These alternators have short axles and are large in diameter.
- Smooth Cylindrical: It is made from a solid steel cylinder with slots attached at regular intervals. These slots work as motor winding and can generate 1800 rpm.
On the Basis of Output
Based on the current generation, alternators are as follows:
- Single Phase: It generates a single alternating voltage continuously for the vehicle.
- Two-Phase: It contains two windings to generate different amounts of current. These windings work alternatively to provide a continuous source of current.
- Three Phase: it contains three windings and each winding is located at a difference of 120°.
Working Principle
Alternators work on simple principles of Physics. It contains two windings, the outer winding which is stationary and known as ‘stator’ and the inner winding which is rotating and known as ‘Rotor’. A current is supplied to Rotor and it acts as an electromagnet. A drive belt connected with the engine is used to rotate this electromagnet.
Rotating electromagnet creates a strong magnetic field and induces a current in the stationary Stator winding. The Alternating Current (AC) produced in stationary winding is converted into Direct Current (DC) with the help of diodes.
The outer layer of the car alternator is created from aluminium to restrict the magnetic effect on the whole alternator. Moreover, there is a vent on both sides of the motor to exclude magnetic charge to prevent the alternator from heating.
Evolution of Alternator in Cars
Before alternators, there were a bunch of other electronic devices that were used in cars. At that time, there was no concept of batteries in the car, they were operated from a direct source of car alternator current. Generators or dynamos were used before alternators. Generators work on the simple principle of converting fuel energy into electric energy and meet all the electrical demands of a car. However, the dynamo was a more modified version of generators. It uses a magnetic field to create electricity similar to alternators. Car dynamo was used as a preamble in creating alternators and all such devices use the basic principle of the dynamo.
Symptoms of Bad Alternator
Alternators are manufactured for the long run. The device has an average life span of about 7 to 10 years. But it can get exhausting and malfunction. A failing alternator can be easily recognised from the following symptoms.
- Failing Battery: When an alternator is not working properly it will drain car battery more frequently. Other than that, the battery warning light will also illuminate on the dashboard.
- Ignition Problem: The alternator fails to give enough current to the starter motor to work properly. This creates an impact on the ignition system and starting of a car.
- Dim Lights and Slow Electrical Accessories: headlights will get dimmer than usual. Moreover, other eclectic equipment in the car starts working slower than they are meant to.
- Arcing: Worn-out brushes or magnet inside the alternator generates arcing in cars.
Car Alternator Cost
Usually, car alternators will not cause you any significant problem, but once they do you have to replace it. Repairing or fixing a malfunctioning or wet car alternator is not an option, as it requires complex engineering knowledge. The price of alternator are dependent upon car model and manufacturer. For instance, the starting price of alternators for Honda Accord is from AED 850. For accurate price estimation you should consult a professional
This was all to explain what is an alternator in a car and its significance. It is responsible for arranging all the electric operated equipment and ensuring an adequate amount of current supply. Usually, older cars have alternator issues. New electric vehicles are using upgraded alternators or dynamo to exclude current fluctuations. If you are willing to enjoy smooth rides in electric cars, browse through these used cars for sale in the UAE.
Stay tuned to UAE’s top auto blog for more information on car alternators.
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